The time taken for the pulse to travel 90 cm is 1.55 seconds so in order to calculate the speed we take 90cm and divide it by 1.55 seconds which equals to 58.0 cm/s (3sf)

We are able to change the speed of the wave pulse by increasing or decreasing the tension of the string which would make it faster and slower respectively

Example 3 ( JQ and Matthias )

a) Wavelength = 18cm
v=90/1.52
v=59.2cm/s
=0.592m/s

b) We can change the speed be altering the tension of the rope.

When the tension is high, the time taken for the wave to move through the rope is 1:69 seconds



When the tension is lower, the time taken for the wave to move through the rope is 9:86 seconds

ISS project group and individual report

Dear Students,

I decided not to take the risk of having to deduct your marks for your ISS project therefore I have come up with the following deadlines.

Group Report
Methods and Materials
which include your experimental design and procedures for your experiment.
most part of this is already done in some of the research plan.
DUE: 4th May Wednesday 1200H

Individual Report
Results --DUE: 4th May Wednesday. 1200H

Analysis of results DUE: 4th May Wednesday 1200H

Area of improvement DUE: 3rd May Tuesday 1200H

Area of further studies DUE: 3rd May Tuesday 1200H

Acknowledgement DUE: 3rd May Tuesday 1200H

References DUE: 3rd May Tuesday 1200H

How to submit?
You are to submit to me via e-mail.
Yellow form (remedial form) will be issued for any late submission.
Shabby work will not be entertained and yellow form will be issued.
Which goes to say that you are most likely going to have only 50% of the marks.
So the remedial is good for you to improve.

You have the long weekend to do this. Use your time wisely.

ISS Project

Hi all,

This is an announcement for the submission of logbook.

It is due next week 26th April 2011.
In the logbook you should have the following:

1) draft 1 to 2 of the Research Plan.

2) the final draft of the Research Plan.... it can be the 4th or 5th. This should be a clean draft without any of my marking.
This draft will be the draft that i will be making.
** Refer to the rubrics and make sure you have all the requirements.

3) Material list

4) Experimental Design.
Do not paste in the logbook.
I will correct it and you will past it in later.
** Refer to the rubrics and make sure you have all the requirements.

** I will give clearer instruction on Monday. So do not worry.
Just make sure you know the due date is Tuesday.

Andy Sim

e-learning Week instruction

Hi 2-06,

Please e-mail me a consolidate goggle spreadsheet with

1) the number of teams and team members.

2) the theme that you have chosen

(By the end of the week)

As for the writing assignment

Minimum word: 500

Maximum words: 1000 (no more than 1 page with single spacing)

Please ensure that you cite your reference with APA style.

Thank you.

Andy Sim

Mr Tee's Prezi about Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis - Teacher Presentation on Prezi

Leaf Structures & Functions (with online quiz)

1. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/plants/leaf/ (Online Readings)

2. http://bioactive.mrkirkscience.com/32/ch32intro.html (Quiz)

3. http://www.biotopics.co.uk/plants/leafst.html (Quiz)

4. http://nhscience.lonestar.edu/biol/biolab/leaf.htm (Quiz)

Biodiversity 4 - An organism's world

As a group, watch the video and answer the questions in the Google spreadsheet below.

Note: You are required to sign in with your s2010.sst.edu.sg account.

https://spreadsheets0.google.com/a/s2010.sst.edu.sg/ccc?key=t5yKwcDVl2Eq-Y4yhhiFMOg&hl=en#gid=0

Plantae(Abram, Abu, Jake, Joel, Izzat)

The 6 things that make plantae, Plantae

1) Photosynthesis is key mode of nutrition.

2) Unlimited growth at meristems(regions of cells capable of growth and division in plants)

3) Contain cellulose in wall making the structure rigid.

4) Incapable of movement

5) Absence of sensory and nervous systems

6) Alternation of generations(the alternation of a sexual phase and an asexual phase in the life cycle of an organism)

Plants are:

- multicellular organisms

- have the presence of a nuclei

- are stationary and autotrophic by nature

Autotrophic- able to from nutritional substances from inorganic substances(carbon dioxide)

- have cell wall made of cellulose

- has a large central vacuole which maintains turgor pressure

- chloroplasts (chlorophyll) used during photosynthesis.

Vertebrate Animals(Ronak, Chen Yu, Hao Ming)

I am posting this to summarise our key learning points in our research for vertebrates in point form:

Well, this is what we have discovered. For vertebrates, they are part of the further classification of animals. Animals which are vertebrates have a backbone while animals which are invertebrates do not have backbones. Vertebrates are:

1) Animals with skeleton and bones made up in their body, just like us.

2) Vertebrates include fishes, birds, mammals and many more.

3) They are the most advanced on Earth and their size and mobility helps them to get used of the environment easier.

4) The trait that differentiate between a vertebrate and an invertebrate is that a vertebrate has a spinal cord vertebrae and notochords. The way these things in their body are structured made them special.

5) This is all about having a series of nerves along your dorsal side, which is also known as your back.
  
6) The notochord is a rod of cartilage which helps to give support and protection to our nerves together with our backbone.

The unique characteristics of mammals:

- Reproduce through giving birth to young alive or laying eggs
- Respire by lungs and have hair/fur as their outer covering
- Feed their young with milk
- There are three bones in the middle ear of every mammal
- These three bones are known as the malleus, incus and stapes

The function of these three bones are that they help mammals in hearing by transferring sound waves from the eardrum to the inner ear.

The general characteristics of mammals:

- Jaws of mammals are made of a single bone on each side
- Have a unique heart, as the main artery turns left when it leaves the heart
- Two sets of teeth in their lifetime(their teeth are only replaced once)
- Have a sheet of muscles and tendons, known as the diaphragm that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
- Warm blooded animals






http://www.gotpetsonline.com/pictures/gallery/dogs/alphabetically/english-shepherd-dogs/english-shepherd-dog-0003/ 


The characteristics of fishes:

- Can reproduce either by laying eggs or giving birth
- Respire through gills found in the gill cover
- They take in dissolved oxygen in the water
- Have scales as their outer covering, though some do not.








http://people.ucsc.edu/~kyahuey/Index.html


The characteristics of birds:
- Do not have teeth
- Have vestigial tails
- Distinguished from reptiles by features and a thin, hollow flight skeleton
- Feathers as their outer covering
- Reproduce by laying eggs instead of giving birth
- Have hollow bones in their wings to make flight easier





















http://www.zephyrus.co.uk/kingdomanimal.html

 The characteristics of reptiles:

- Have an amniotic egg, dry skin and thoracic breathing

- Cold-Blooded Animals and scaly skinned

- Reproduce by laying eggs and have scales as their outer covering

- Some of them like the crocodile can stay in water and on land

http://www.zephyrus.co.uk/kingdomanimal.html

The characteristics of amphibians:

- Respire cutaneously 

- Have legs, lungs, pulmonary veins and a partially divided heart

- Spend part of their life in water and the other part on land

http://www.zephyrus.co.uk/kingdomanimal.html

Invertebrates(Matthias,Daniel,Mikhael)

Characteristics Of Invertebrates

Invertebrates 
- Animals with no backbones or spinal columns.
-characteristics of invertebrates differ from group to group.
-There are over 30 phylum and 2 million different species of invertebrates.

General Characteristics of Invertebrates

Some invertebrate characteristics are shared across the board. For example, the one main characteristic that sets them apart from other animals is their lack of a backbone and spinal column. Also, despite the fact that they are multi-cellular, they in fact lack cell walls.

Due to their lack of complex skeletal system, invertebrates also tend to be smaller and slow moving in nature, but there are of course exceptions. Giant squids, for example, can grow to be upwards of 17 yards long, 2,200 pounds, and can reach speeds of 35 miles per hour.

Their lack of backbones and complex nervous systems make it very difficult for invertebrates to be adaptive to multiple environments as well. This is not to say that they all float in the ocean. Invertebrates can be found in myriad climate zones, ranging from dry deserts to swamplands. In fact, they essentially span the entire globe and even make up 98% of all the living creatures on this planet.

Source:http://www.interestinganimals.net/characteristics_of_invertebrates/characteristics_of_invertebrates.html

Monera, Protista, Fungi (group 1)

Monera:

Monera is also called:Prokaryota, Prokaryotae,

Organisms under Monara

eubacteria, archaebacteria,

Also known as Bacteria and Archaea.

Traits of Monera:

Reproduction- BF(binary fission)

Nutrient absorption from surroundings

Respiration processes- Bacteria have different respiration classification and they are generally under the ability to survive in a certain environment and the ability to adapt:

Obligate aerobes: These are strict aerobes that mean they always require oxygen for their survival. They are not able to withstand anaerobic conditions.

Facultative anaerobes: These are not of strict types. They normally respire aerobically but can shift to anaerobic types, if conditions are not suitable.

Obligate anaerobes: These are again strict types of anaerobes. They can survive only if oxygen is deficient but are not able to withstand if oxygen is present.

Facultative aerobes: These are bacteria which normally respire anaerobic but can move to aerobic conditions, if the situation demands.

Source:http://www.thebigger.com/biology/monera/explain-the-respiration-process-in-bacteria/

Protista:

It is the simplest of the eukaryotes. It is a group of organisms that is form because they doesn't really seem to be in any other group. There are both unicellular and multi cellular. There are also plant like and animal like. Plant like are like plants as they photosynthesize while animal like does not photosynthesize, but they find their food.

Examples of organisms that belong to the Protista kingdom are:

-Paramecium

- brown algae.

Source: http://www.windows2universe.org/life/protista.html

Fungi:

Key characteristics of fungi:

-they reproduce by spores, budding, or fragmentation

-they get their food from organic matter, both dead and living, and do not make their own food like plants

-fungi produce enzymes to break down organic matter to a form that can be absorbed by the fungi

-are both unicellular and multicellular

Examples are Mushrooms and black fungus.

Sources: http://www.biology-online.org/articles/fungi/characteristics_fungi.html

http://www.uwlax.edu/biology/volk/fungi3/sld012.htm

http://www.uwlax.edu/biology/volk/fungi3/sld011.htm

http://www.uwlax.edu/biology/volk/fungi3/sld010.htm

http://www.uwlax.edu/biology/volk/fungi3/sld009.htm

http://students.ncwc.edu/bio101/fungi/Default.htm

Done by: Brendon, Ding Shan, Yub and Ming Yong

Group 1

Vertebrates( Ronak, Hao Ming and Chen Yu)

Animals can be classified into vertebrates or invertebrates. Animals which are vertebrates are animals which have backbones, while animals which are invertebrates are animals which do not have backbones. Vertebrates are animals with skeleton made of bones in their body. They include fish, birds, mammals, and many more. Their size and mobility often enable them to get used to their environment easily. These are the most advanced organisms on Earth.The way their spinal cords, vertebrae and notochords are structured make them special. Vertebrates are the most advanced organisms on Earth. The traits that differentiate between a vertebrate and an invertebrate is having a spinal cord, vertebrae and notochords. It is all about having a series of nerves along your dorsal side, also known as your back. The notochord is a rod of cartilage helps to give support and protection to our nerves together with our backbone.

For birds, they do not have teeth but they have vestigial tails. They are distinguished from living reptiles by features and the presence of a thin, hollow flight skeleton. Birds have feathers as their outer covering.

For reptiles, the key characteristics of them is that they have an amniotic egg, dry skin and thoracic breathing. For vertebrate amphibians, they include legs, cutaneous respiration, lungs, pulmonary veins, and a partially divided heart. Amphibians are animals whose part of their life are in water while the other part is in land.

There are lesser species of vertebrates than invertebrates, as vertebrates are larger than invertebrates, which also means they need more space. The other reason is that even though they are advanced, there are limitations to the environments that are available to them.

Though there are lesser species of vertebrates, they are indeed smart. In fact, some of them are very smart, which is us. Most vertebrates have advanced nervous systems. While a goldfish could not be compared to a human’s intelligence, when compared to a sea anemone, a goldfish probably be equal to Einstein.

Animalia - Invertebrates (Jia Ler, Siah Wei, Ray)

Most invertebrates are insects, and the remaining invertebrates consist of worms, slugs and snails. Unlike arthropods these animals lack segmented legs and are generally soft bodied. 

 

Insects

- they have basically three body parts i.e: head , thorax and abdomen.

- they have no lungs. they respire through their skin.

- they live in colonies .

- some are harmful for humans like termite, mosquitoes jelly fish and houseflies.

- they lay eggs and not babies

1.The head, which is designed for feeding and sensory purposes and consists of one pair of compound eyes and up to 3 simple eyes, 1 pair of antennae and mouthparts, which may be piercing, chewing or sucking types depending on the insect.

2.The thorax, which is designed and is made up of 3 segments with each carrying 1 pair of legs. In some adult insects the last two segments of the thorax may support a pair of wings depending on the species.

3.The abodmen, which is designed for reproduction. The abdomen is the largest and softest of the 3 body parts. The abdomen houses all the organs vital for insect survival such as respiration, digestion and reproduction. 
 

Insects inhabit a diverse range of habitats, both terrestrial and aquatic and this is often reflected by the great diversity in their appearance. Most undergo some degree of change or metamorphosis during their life cycle and young may not have all of the adult insect features such as wings.

Some insects, such as silverfish show no change throughout their lifetime except for an increase in body size. While other insects such as bugs or grasshoppers go through gradual stages of development, each successive stage (or nymph) is slightly more developed than the previous one. For example wings begin to develop from small wing buds and grow larger with each moult.

Other insects such as moths or beetles are typical of insects that undergo a number of abrupt changes as they mature; egg - larvae - chrysalis/pupae - adult. In insects such as these, the wings develop inside the body and are visible only after the adult emerges from the pupal stage.

http://www.ento.csiro.au/education/what_invertebrates.html 

Biodiversity Lesson 1

Here are 2 unique Australian species. What are they?

Task 1 (30 minutes)

Work in groups to conduct online research to the following questions:
a) What is the modern classification system used by biologists?

b) How are organisms classified? What is the basis of classification? (Refer to the examples of platypus and legless lizard)

c) How did the modern classification system come about? Who were the biologists who contributed to this area of study?

d) What other key characteristics are there to describe the modern classification system?

Presentation

Task 2 (25 minutes)

Review the key characteristics of the organisms in the 5 kingdoms.

Group 1 – Monera, Protista, Fungi

Group 2 – Plantae

Group 3, 4 & 5 – Animalia (Invertebrates & Vertebrates)

Post your group research in the science blog.

Task 3 (Homework, Individual)

Read the post uploaded by the other groups.

Select 3 groups of organisms and provide 3 facts that were not mentioned in the group’s research. Post your findings in the comments section.

Task 4 (Homework, Reflection, Individual)

1. What is biodiversity?

2. In one or two sentences, write why is biodiversity important to us?

3. What is the key understanding of this lesson?